Efficacy of Bevacizumab Combined with Paclitaxel and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Metastatic Cervical Cancer and Its Effect on T Lymphocyte Subsets and Tumor Markers / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced metastatic cervical cancer and its effect on T lymphocyte subsets and tumor markers. Methods Sixty patients with advanced metastatic cervical cancer (treated in our hospital) were randomly divided into control (30 cases) and treatment (30 cases) groups. All patients were given radiotherapy; the control group received paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy, whereas the treatment group received the same with added bevacizumab. The pain conditions (visual analog score (VAS)) and quality of life (Karl Fischer quality of life (KPS)), clinical efficacy, T lymphocyte subset levels (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and squamous epithelial carcinoma-associated antigen (SCCA)) and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The VAS score, serum CA125, CEA, SCCA, and CD8+ level were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05), and it significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). KPS score, CD3+, and CD4+ levels significantly increased after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.05), and compared with the control group, the treatment group significantly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total effective rate (66.67%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (40.00%) (P < 0.05), and no significant difference existed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy can effectively reduce the pain and improve the immune function and quality of life of patients with advanced metastatic cervical cancer. This chemotherapy is also safe and effective.

Effect of Bushen Huoxuetang on Expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Cleaved Caspase-3 in Nude Mice with Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Bushen Huoxuetang on the apoptosis and the expression of B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）/ Bcl-2 and cleaved cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3 （cleaved Caspase-3） in the nude mouse model of bone metastasis of breast cancer， and explore the mechanism of Bushen Huoxuetang in inhibiting bone destruction. MethodThirty BALB/c female nude mice were randomly assigned into blank group （n=6） and model group （n=24）. The suspension of 4T1 breast cancer cells was injected into the tibia of mouse right lower limb to establish model of bone metastasis of breast cancer. The successfully modeled nude mice were randomly assigned into model group， Bushen Huoxuetang group， zoledronic acid group， and combined drug group， with 6 mice in each group. Bushen Huoxuetang was administrated at a dose of 36.67 g·kg-1， once a day， and zoledronic acid was administrated by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 100 μg·kg-1， twice a week. The combined drug group was administrated with the same doses of Bushen Huoxuetang group by gavage and zoledronic acid by subcutaneous injection. The mice in the blank group and the model group were administrated with the same volume of distilled water by gavage for 14 days. On the next day at the end of drug administration， the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The general situation and weight changes of the mice were examined. The right lower limb was collected， and X-ray scanning and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining methods were used for observation of pathological changes in the bone. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was employed to detect the apoptosis of bone tissue in nude mice， and Western blot to determine the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 in the bone tissue. ResultCompared with the blank group， the modeling reduced the body weight （P<0.01） and increased the right lower limb weight of the nude mice （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Bushen Huoxuetang， zoledronic acid， and their combination increased the body weight （P<0.01） and decreased the right lower limb weight （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the other groups showed obvious tumor cell atypia， deep nuclear staining， and clear bone metastasis， and the model group showed obvious osteolytic damage in right lower limb and loss of proximal tibia and knee joint. Compared with the model group， Bushen Huoxuetang， zoledronic acid， and their combination reduced the osteolytic lesions in the right lower limb and recovered part of the bone structure， demonstrating an inhibitory effect on bone destruction. The TUNEL assay showed that the model group had lower apoptosis rate of bone metastatic tumor cells than the blank group， Bushen Huoxuetang group， zoledronic acid group， and combined drug group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the modeling down-regulated the expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.01） and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Bushen Huoxuetang， zoledronic acid， and their combination up-regulated the expression of Bax （P<0.01） and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBushen Huoxuetang may inhibit bone destruction in the nude mouse model of bone metastasis of breast cancer by up-regulating the expression of Bax， down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2， activating cleaved Caspase-3， and further inducing apoptosis.

A multiscale feature extraction algorithm for dysarthric speech recognition / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this paper, we propose a multi-scale mel domain feature map extraction algorithm to solve the problem that the speech recognition rate of dysarthria is difficult to improve. We used the empirical mode decomposition method to decompose speech signals and extracted Fbank features and their first-order differences for each of the three effective components to construct a new feature map, which could capture details in the frequency domain. Secondly, due to the problems of effective feature loss and high computational complexity in the training process of single channel neural network, we proposed a speech recognition network model in this paper. Finally, training and decoding were performed on the public UA-Speech dataset. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the speech recognition model of this method reached 92.77%. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the speech recognition rate of dysarthria.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates Hyperalgesia and Anxiety Induced by Chronic Pancreatitis in Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

Central sensitization is essential in maintaining chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP), but cortical modulation of painful CP remains elusive. Here, we examined the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pathogenesis of abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of CP induced by intraductal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS treatment resulted in long-term abdominal hyperalgesia and anxiety in rats. Morphological data indicated that painful CP induced a significant increase in FOS-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and ACC, and some FOS-expressing neurons in the NTS projected to the ACC. In addition, a larger portion of ascending fibers from the NTS innervated pyramidal neurons, the neural subpopulation primarily expressing FOS under the condition of painful CP, rather than GABAergic neurons within the ACC. CP rats showed increased expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and increased membrane trafficking and phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2B and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluR1 within the ACC. Microinjection of NMDAR and AMPAR antagonists into the ACC to block excitatory synaptic transmission significantly attenuated abdominal hyperalgesia in CP rats, which was similar to the analgesic effect of endomorphins injected into the ACC. Specifically inhibiting the excitability of ACC pyramidal cells via chemogenetics reduced both hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiety, whereas activating these neurons via optogenetics failed to aggravate hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats. Taken together, these findings provide neurocircuit, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for involvement of the ACC in hyperalgesia and anxiety in CP rats, as well as novel insights into the cortical modulation of painful CP, and highlights the ACC as a potential target for neuromodulatory interventions in the treatment of painful CP.

LINC00668 is Highly Expressed in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#A lack of effective treatment for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) makes it an important factor restricting the 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long non-coding RNA 00668 (LINC00668) was reported to play crucial regulatory roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers; however, its role in LUSC is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis value and biological function of LINC00668 in NSCLC, especially in LUSC.@*METHODS@#The expression pattern of LINC00668 and its relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients were investigated in the NSCLC especially LUSC based on The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) database. Its function in LUSC cells was explored in vitro.@*RESULTS@#LINC00668 expression was significantly up-regulated in LUSC patients and high expression level of LINC00668 was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TMN) stage. Moreover, the expression of LINC00668 significantly increased in smoking patients, and was a prognostic indicator for overall survival (OS) of smoking patients with LUSC. In vitro experiments showed that LINC00668 has significantly higher expression level in LUSC cell lines and tissues compared to normal bronchial epithelial cell and para-tumor tissues; meanwhile, functional assay indicated knockdown of LINC00668 effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of LUSC cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LINC00668 might closely relate to the development of LUSC, and inhibition of LINC00668 may reduce the metastasis of LUSC.

Analysis of CiteSpace knowledge map for traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to analyze the research on the prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases(CSVDs) with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) based on knowledge map, and to preliminarily explore the research hotspots and trends. To be specific, articles on TCM treatment of CSVDs in CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP(from establishment to November 2021) were retrieved, followed by bibliometric analysis. Then CiteSpace 5.7 R4 and Gephi were employed for generation of maps on annual number of articles, author cooperation, institution cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and keyword emergence. A total of 106 eligible articles were screened out, and the annual number of articles presented a steady upward trend. A total of 277 authors were included in the author cooperation network, among whom CHEN Zhigang published the most articles. A total of 87 institutions were included in the institution cooperation network, among which Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine showed the most frequent cooperation with other institutions. Keyword clustering showed that research on the TCM treatment of CSVDs mainly focused on five aspects: related disease research, neurological function deficits, disease nature and location in TCM, TCM treatment methods, and formulas. The prevention and treatment of CSVDs with TCM in China has been developing steadily in the past ten years, and TCM has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of this disease. The knowledge maps vividly demonstrated the development and research hotspots and trends in this field. The result is expected to provide a reference for further research in this field.

Comparison between laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery and conventional laparoscopic surgery for left colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled study with 3-year follow-up results / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the mid-term efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) colectomy using the Cai tube in the treatment of left colorectal cancer. Methods: A prospective randomized control trial (China Clinical Trials Registration Number: ChiCTR-OOR-15007060) was performed. Sixty patients with left colorectal cancer at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital from September 2015 to August 2017 were prospectively enrolled. Case inclusion criteria: (1) left colorectal adenocarcinoma (rectal cancer with distance ≥ 8 cm from tumor low margin to anal edge, sigmoid colon cancer, descending colon cancer and left transverse colon cancer) confirmed by preoperative pathology; (2) satisfactory conditions of conventional laparoscopic surgery; (3) maximum diameter of the tumor < 4.5 cm confirmed by preoperative abdominal and pelvic CT or MRI; (4) BMI < 30 kg/m2. Case exclusion criteria: (1) benign lesions, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and other special pathological types of tumors confirmed by preoperative pathological examination; (2) multiple or recurrent cancers; (3) with a history of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; (4) obvious regional infiltration or distant metastasis indicated by preoperative imaging examination; (5) intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, etc. Participants were randomly assigned to NOSES group (using the Cai tube) and conventional laparoscopy (CL) group by random number table method. Clinical data between two groups were compared and analyzed, including perioperative conditions, tumor exfoliation cell detection and bacterial culture results of intraperitoneal lavage fluid, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grading), postoperative pain [visual simulation scoring (VAS) assessment], anal function (Kirwan anal function grading assessment), and postoperative 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), overall recurrence rate, and local recurrence rate. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled, with 30 in the NOSES group and 30 in the CL group. All the patients in the NOSES group successfully completed operation with Cai tube. Baseline data between the two groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in conversion rate to open surgery, number of lymph node harivested, proximal and distal resection margin of tumor, negative rate of circumferential margin, operation time, blood loss, inflammatory indexes, postoperative anal function, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization cost, morbidity of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade II or above) (all P>0.05). Compared to the CL group, the NOSES group had lower maximum postoperative VAS score (2.5±0.3 vs. 5.1±0.4, t=3.187, P<0.01), and fewer use of additional postoperative analgesia [6.7% (2/30) vs. 33.3% (10/30),χ2=6.670, P=0.02]. The postoperative time to gas passage was shorter in the NOSES group [(2.2±1.4) days vs. (3.1±1.2) days,P=0.026]. No tumor cells and bacterial contamination were found in abdominal lavage fluid before and after operation in either group. The anal function at postoperative 3-month of all the patients in the NOSES group was Kirwan grade I to II, while in the CL group, anal function of 2 cases (6.7%) was Kirwan grade III, and of 28 cases was also Kirwan grade I to II, whose difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the NOSES group and the CL group, 3-year DFS was 96.7% and 83.3% (P=0.090), OS was 100% and 90% (P=0.096), overall recurrence rate was 3.3% and 10.0% (P=0.166), and local recurrence rate was 3.3% and 3.3% (P=0.999), respectively, whose differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of left colorectal cancer, compared with conventional laparoscopic colectomy, NOSES colectomy using Cai tube exhibits less scar, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery of gastrointestinal function, and similar mid-term outcomes. Given proper surgical indications, the surgical procedure is safe and feasible.

Effects of gestational weight on the association between serum high sensitivity C reaction protein and gestational diabetes mellitus among twin gestations: A cohort study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association between serum high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hsCRP) in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among twin pregnant women, and to explore the effects of the pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) status on such association.@*METHODS@#Twin pregnant women with pre-pregnant BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 kg/m2 were recruited at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital from March 2017 to December 2020. Serum samples collected in early pregnancy were analyzed for hsCRP using particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. In the following visits, the information about GWG and GDM were prospectively collected in every trimester. The association effect between hsCRP tertiles and GDM were estimated using Logistic regression, and further converted into risk ratio (RR). Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and mediation analysis were used to explore the effects of BMI and GWG status on the association.@*RESULTS@#Among the included 570 twin pregnant women, 31.6% deve-loped GDM, 26.1% were pre-pregnant overweight or obesity, and 49.5% with GWG out of referenced range. After adjustment for confounding factors, risk of developing GDM in twin gestations with the middle tertile and highest tertile of serum hsCRP in early pregnancy were 1.42 fold (95%CI: 1.02-1.89) and 1.54 fold (95%CI: 1.12-2.02), respectively, compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP, and there existed significantly linear trend (P=0.022). Findings from mediation analysis illustrated that pre-pregnant BMI had partial mediating effect on the association, and BMI accounted for 23.84% (P < 0.001) of the increasing GDM risks with elevated hsCRP. Joint analysis with hsCRP and GWG found that those who were with GWG out of referenced range accompanied with the higher hsCRP tertiles (>1.21 mg/L) had significantly 2.31 fold increased risk according to those who were with GWG in the referenced range accompanied with the lowest hsCRP tertile (≤1.21 mg/L, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Elevated hsCRP in early pregnancy significantly increased GDM risk among twin pregnant women. The hsCRP-GDM association was dependent on GWG status, and pre-pregnant BMI had partial mediating effect on such association. It is suggested that twin pregnant women should consider systemic inflammation and gestational weight at the same time to reduce GDM risk.

The effect of heme oxygenase-1 on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells proliferation and pro-regeneration / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) proliferation, migration, and hepatocyte proliferation.Methods:Eighteen male C57BL/6 mouse aged 6-8 weeks old were underwent partial hepatectomy. Cell proliferation and HO-1 expression in residual liver tissue were detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry at 0 d, 2 d and 4 d after operation. In vitro, LSECs were transfected with adenovirus carrying HO-1 gene (HO-1 group), and the cells were transfected with empty vector adenovirus and the non-transfected cells were used as control. In addition, LSECs from different transfection groups were co-cultured with hepatocyte without contact to evaluate the effect of HO-1 expression on promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Western Blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1, inhibitor of DNA binding and or differentiation (Id1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Wnt2. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU. The ability of cell migration was detected by Transwell migration assay.Results:Compared with 0 d after hepatectomy, LSECs proliferation and HO-1 expression within LSECs were increased significantly at 4 d after surgery. EdU positive rate of LSECs in HO-1 group (27.20±4.80)% was higher than that in empty vector group (12.47±3.30)% and non-transfected group (15.97±2.50)%. The number of LSECs migration in HO-1 group (258.70±36.56) was higher than that in empty vector group (122.00±38.16) and non-transfected group (107.70±30.01). The protein and mRNA expression level of HO-1, Id1, HGF and Wnt2 in HO-1 group were higher than that in empty vector group and non-transfected group. EdU positive rate of hepatocytes that co-cultured with LSECs in HO-1 group (18.33±2.52) % was higher than that in empty vector group (11.33±1.53)% and non-transfected group (11.7±2.08)%. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Up-regulation of HO-1 promoted LSECs proliferation and migration of, as well as up-regulation of HO-1 in LSECs enhanced the capacity of LSECs to promote hepatocyte proliferation.

Research progress in decision-making aids for breast cancer patients / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Decision-making aid for cancer patients is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment for diseases. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world, and breast cancer patients have become the main target population for decision-aided research. Application of decision-making assistance for patients in Western countries has developed to a certain extent, while relevant research in China is still at the early stage. There are kinds of intervention forms for patients' decision aids, including traditional brochures and videos, decision aids systems, decision coaching, multidisciplinary breast cancer teams, etc. The tools for decision-making quality evaluation include the patients' awareness for decision-making, participation, decision-making conflict, decision-making satisfaction, decision-making regret, which can provide important guidance for the application of decision-making aid treatment in breast cancer patients in the future.

Experimental observation of effects of acupoints, cone numbers and durations of moxibustion with different moxibustion methods on skin surface and inside temperature / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of acupoints, cone numbers and durations of moxibustion with different moxibustion methods on skin surface and inside temperature, and to provide references for the clinical standardization of moxibustion amount. Methods: The 42 big-ear white rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to the random number table method, a 1-cone direct moxibustion group, a 2-cone direct moxibustion group, a 3-cone direct moxibustion group, a 1-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, a 2-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, and a 3-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, with 7 rabbits in each group. Shenque (CV 8), Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) were used in each group, but the moxibustion methods, cone numbers and durations of moxibustion were different. Rabbits in each group received moxibustion once every other day for 5 times in total. During the intervention, a thermoelectricity coupled probe and a temperature recorder were used to record the real-time acupoint skin temperature and the temperature at different time points, so as to observe, analyze and process the real-time changes in the temperature difference between the surface and inside of acupoint skin. Results: For herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion, the best temperature for cone changing was (46.38±0.51) ℃ when the highest surface temperature was (49.20±0.52) ℃; the multi-factor comparison of acupoint × cone number × time and acupoint × moxibustion method × time showed that time × acupoint, time × moxibustion method and cone number × acupoint had interactive effects (all P<0.05). Comparing skin temperature differences between different cone numbers at the same acupoint, Shenque (CV 8) on the 1st and the 5th days, Shenshu (BL 23) on the 3rd and the 7th days, Zusanli (ST 36) on the 1st and the 9th days of experiment showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The skin temperature comparison of different moxibustion methods at the same acupoint all had statistical differences (all P<0.05), except for Shenque (CV 8) before moxibustion, Shenshu (BL 23) before moxibustion and on the 5th day; Zusanli (ST 36) only showed statistical differences on the 5th and 7th days (both P<0.05). The skin temperature differences of different acupoints after moxibustion in the 1-cone, 2-cone and 3-cone groups were statistically different (all P<0.05); direct moxibustion and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion at different acupoints were all statistically different (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Cone changing temperature under the same specifications of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion was confirmed. Temperature difference between surface and inside of different acupoint skin at the same maximum temperature was significantly different due to the cone numbers and moxibustion methods, which showed the highest at Shenshu (BL 23), the second at Shenque (CV 8), and the lowest at Zusanli (ST 36). The influence of acupoint factor should be considered to determine the quantitative indicators of moxibustion.

A balance mediated by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells on liver regeneration and fibrosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a positive role in maintaining microcirculation of the liver to achieve liver homeostasis, and they also mediate a balance between regeneration and fibrosis in the process repair of liver injury. After acute liver injury, LSECs are the regulators of liver regeneration, while in chronic injury, abnormally activated LSECs promote development of liver fibrosis. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress in research on the balance between LSECs-mediated liver regeneration and fibrosis, with the aim to provide new ideas in treating liver fibrosis and promoting liver regeneration by targeting LSECs.

Effect of smoking and genetic polymorphisms interaction on the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 上海预防医学

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is a malignant tumor caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Epidemiology studies have identified smoking as a major environmental risk factor. In recent years， the advancement of genomics research has led to the recognition of the influence of genetic variation in ESCC. We reviewed the research progress in smoking， genetic polymorphism and their interaction on susceptibility to ESCC. Reducing exposure time to tobacco was found to be the most effective way to reduce the risk. At the genetic level， mutations in DNA repair genes， regulation genes of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes， cell cycle regulation genes， folate metabolism related genes， and alcohol metabolism related genes were found to significantly increase the risk of ESCC. However， studies on the interaction between smoking and genetic polymorphisms in ESCC risk are still limited， more studies are needed for better screening of the high-risk populations and the prevention.

Effect of smoking and genetic polymorphisms interaction on the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 上海预防医学

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） is a malignant tumor caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Epidemiology studies have identified smoking as a major environmental risk factor. In recent years， the advancement of genomics research has led to the recognition of the influence of genetic variation in ESCC. We reviewed the research progress in smoking， genetic polymorphism and their interaction on susceptibility to ESCC. Reducing exposure time to tobacco was found to be the most effective way to reduce the risk. At the genetic level， mutations in DNA repair genes， regulation genes of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes， cell cycle regulation genes， folate metabolism related genes， and alcohol metabolism related genes were found to significantly increase the risk of ESCC. However， studies on the interaction between smoking and genetic polymorphisms in ESCC risk are still limited， more studies are needed for better screening of the high-risk populations and the prevention.

Research Progress on Screening Active Components from Medicinal Plants Based on Affinity Ultrafiltration Coupled with LC-MS Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Medicinal plants have a long history and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. However， the interaction between bioactive components and specific biological targets in many medicinal plants is still unclear. Conventional separation and activity evaluation model of chemical constituents from natural products was time-consuming and laborious， and cannot truly reflect the interaction between the natural conformation of compounds and receptors， so these methods could not meet the urgent needs of modern drug development. Affinity ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （AUF-LC/MS） is a rapid， efficient and precise method focused on identification of bio-components from natural products， it can make up for many shortcomings found in conventional discovery of bio-constituents. However， AUF-LC/MS technology also has some drawbacks in experiments. In this paper， the principle， characteristics and application of AUF-LC/MS in the screening of active ingredients from medicinal plants are systematically reviewed， and its development prospect is prospected， so as to provide scientific basis for rapid and targeted screening of active components from medicinal plants.

High-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy among different occupational populations in a medical college community / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of high-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy in different occupational populations in a medical college community. METHODS: A total of 719 pregnant women in a medical college community were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into medical staff group(218 women) and non-medical staff group(501 women, including 138 teaching staff subgroup, 129 administrative service staff subgroup and 234 other occupation subgroup). The detection rate of high-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy were compared among these groups. RESULTS: Among the study subjects with the top five detection rates, high-risk factors of pregnancy were abnormal body mass index, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, scarred uterus and abnormal thyroid function, with the detection rate of 21.4%, 17.5%, 9.7%, 7.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The detection rates of pregnancy high-risk factors≥two, adverse pregnancy outcome, adverse fetal outcome, miscarriage and low birth weight in the medical group were significantly lower than those in the non-medical staff group(all P<0.05). The detection rates of pregnancy risk factors, primary screening risk factors, scarred uterus and pregnancy anemia in the teaching staff subgroup were significantly higher than those in the other occupation subgroups(all P<0.008). The detection rates of pregnancy high-risk factors ≥two and advanced age in the teaching staff subgroup were higher than those in medical staff group(all P<0.008). The detection rates of adverse pregnancy outcome and miscarriage in the administrative service staff subgroup were higher than those in medical staff group(all P<0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that occupation, advanced age, parity and scarred uterus were the main influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There are differences in pregnancy high-risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes among different occupational groups. The teaching staff subgroup has a relatively higher detection rate of pregnancy high-risk factors, and the adverse pregnancy outcomes and miscarriage were relatively higher in the administrative service staff subgroup, compared with the medical staff group.

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α on liver injury induced by periodontitis in rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) on liver injury induced by periodontitis in rats.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and periodontitis group, twelve per group. In periodontitis group, the periodontitis models were established for the maxillary first molars in rats by means of "wire ligation+vaccinationwith @*RESULTS@#The probing depth, tooth mobility and sulcus bleeding index in periodontitis group were significantly higher than that in control group. HE staining showed in periodontitis group, hepatic cords ranged disorderly and there were vacuoles in cells and inflammatory cells infiltrated in liver tissues of rats, and there was no obvious abnormality in control group. The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of @*CONCLUSIONS@#PGC-1α may be involved in the process of periodontitis-induced liver injury in rats.

An Intronic Variant of CHD7 Identified in Autism Patients Interferes with Neuronal Differentiation and Development / 神经科学通报·英文版

Genetic composition plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Especially, inherited and de novo intronic variants are often seen in patients with ASD. However, the biological significance of intronic variants is difficult to address. Here, among a Chinese ASD cohort, we identified a recurrent inherited intronic variant in the CHD7 gene, which is specifically enriched in East Asian populations. CHD7 has been implicated in numerous developmental disorders including CHARGE syndrome and ASD. To investigate whether the ASD-associated CHD7 intronic variant affects neural development, we established human embryonic stem cells carrying this variant using CRISPR/Cas9 methods and found that the level of CHD7 mRNA significantly decreased compared to control. Upon differentiation towards the forebrain neuronal lineage, we found that neural cells carrying the CHD7 intronic variant exhibited developmental delay and maturity defects. Importantly, we found that TBR1, a gene also implicated in ASD, was significantly increased in neurons carrying the CHD7 intronic variant, suggesting the intrinsic relevance among ASD genes. Furthermore, the morphological defects found in neurons carrying CHD7 intronic mutations were rescued by knocking down TBR1, indicating that TBR1 may be responsible for the defects in CHD7-related disorders. Finally, the CHD7 intronic variant generated three abnormal forms of transcripts through alternative splicing, which all exhibited loss-of-function in functional assays. Our study provides crucial evidence supporting the notion that the intronic variant of CHD7 is potentially an autism susceptibility site, shedding new light on identifying the functions of intronic variants in genetic studies of autism.

Thyroid function of first-trimester twin pregnant women and its association with preterm delivery / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the thyroid function abnormality of first-trimester twin pregnant women according to different references, and to explore its association with preterm delivery.@*METHODS@#Participants, first-trimester twin pregnant women, were recruited at Peking University Third Hospital from March 2017 to February 2020. The thyroid hormone reference for ordinary adults identified on the assay kits by Siemens incorporation, thyroid hormone reference specifically for singleton pregnancy established previously, and thyroid hormone reference specifically for twin pregnancy established previously were used in the description of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism for first-trimester twin pregnant women. Thyroid autoantibody reference identified on the assay kits by Siemens incorporation was used in the description of positive thyroid autoantibody. Multivariable log-binomial regression was conducted to examine the association between thyroid function and preterm delivery, in which normal pregnant women according to the three references and normal pregnant women according to twin pregnancy reference accompanied with negative thyroid autoantibody were taken as control respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 570 twin pregnant women were finally included. Rates of hypothyroidism according to the three references were 1.2%, 1.6% and 3.5%, respectively. Rates of hyperthyroidism according to the three references were 32.6%, 18.1% and 1.1%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, risk of preterm delivery significantly increased in pregnant women with hyperthyroidism according to the twin specific pregnancy reference [adjusted relative risk (ARR)=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14-1.75], while no significant increase was found in those with normal thyroid function according to the twin specific pregnancy reference but hyperthyroidism according to the singleton specific pregnancy reference (ARR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.81-1.25) and in those with hyperthyroidism purely according to the ordinary adult reference (ARR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.85-1.32), compared with those normal according to all the references. Risks of preterm delivery almost significantly or significantly increased in pregnant women with hypothyroidism according to the ordinary adult or singleton specific pregnancy reference (ARR=1.40, 95%CI: 0.88-2.22) and those with hypothyroidism according to the twin specific pregnancy reference (ARR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.03-2.28). Overall analysis of thyroid function according to the twin specific pregnancy reference and thyroid autoantibody showed that risks of preterm delivery almost significantly or significantly increased in pregnant women with simple hypothyroidism (ARR=1.46, 95%CI: 0.93-2.27), simple positive thyroid autoantibody (ARR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.15-1.52), and hypothyroidism accompanied with positive thyroid autoantibody (ARR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.30-2.44), compared with those normal according to the twin specific pregnancy reference with negative thyroid autoantibody.@*CONCLUSION@#The ordinary adult reference and that of singleton pregnancy may lead to under-diagnosis of hypothyroidism and over-diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in first-trimester twin pregnant women. Compared with pregnant women with normal thyroid function, those missed in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism were at a higher risk of preterm delivery, while those over-diagnosed as hyperthyroidism had a similar risk of preterm delivery, indicating a need to develop and generalize twin-pregnancy-specific reference on common indicators of thyroid function. Moreover, the thyroid autoantibody should be taken into consideration in the prenatal diagnosis and treatment to twin pregnant women with hypothyroidism.

Analysis of the clinical effect of arthroscopic adhesiolysis in the treatment of patients with primary frozen shoulder / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic adhesiolysis on patients with primary frozen shoulder and its effect on shoulder joint function.Methods:The clinical data of 54 patients with primary frozen shoulder who visited Civil Aviation General Hospital from March 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment regimens, the patients were divided into a study group and a control group, with 27 patients in each group, there were 11 males and 43 females, aged (47.6±3.4) years, and the age ranged from 41 to 64 years. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional conservative treatment measures, and patients in the study group were treated with loose adhesion under arthroscope on the basis of the control group. The shoulder joint activity (range of motion angles for flexion, abduction and lateral rotation), Constant score, UCLA score and VAS score as well as the complications of the two groups were compared. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), the t test was used for comparison between groups. The count data were expressed as percentage and the chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:In the study group, postoperative anterior flexion, abduction, lateral external rotation were (160.2±20.7)°, (163.6±20.1)°, (50.5±8.9)°, respectively. The patients in the control group experienced (119.5±19.5)° of anterior flexion, (121.2±19.5)° of abduction, (35.6±6.4)° of lateral external rotation. After treatment, the activity of the shoulder joint in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups( P<0.05). In the study group, the postoperative Constant score was (83.1± 9.3) scores, VAS score was (2.8±0.3) scores, UCLA score was (31.7±3.1) scores; in the control group, the postoperative Constant score was (71.7±9.7) scores, VAS score was (4.4±0.3) scores, UCLA score was (22.8±3.6) scores ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the Constant score and UCLA score in the study group were significantly higher, and the VAS score was significantly lower, differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For patients with primary frozen shoulder, arthroscopic adhesiolysis can significantly improve the shoulder function of patients. At the same time, this operation has significant clinical treatment effect, which is conducive to the clinical application and promotion.